tag: observability
- Full observability on one VPS: metrics, logs, alerts, dashboards — 452 MiB requested How VictoriaMetrics, VictoriaLogs, Promtail, vmalert, and Grafana fit together on a 2-core VPS: architecture, the full resource bill, and repeating patterns.
- Promtail: shipping Traefik access logs to VictoriaLogs Traefik JSON access logs into VictoriaLogs with Promtail: a static path glob instead of kubernetes_sd, label cardinality choices, and pipeline drop stages.
- OpenTelemetry as APM replacement: one SDK, any backend How OpenTelemetry replaces vendor APM tools (Elastic, Datadog, Dynatrace) with one SDK, one protocol, and a Grafana stack for zero licensing cost.
- VictoriaLogs on k0s: a log database that fits in 128 MiB Single-pod VictoriaLogs: 90 lines of YAML, Recreate strategy for hostPath storage, Loki-compatible ingestion, LogsQL basics, and Grafana datasource pitfalls.
- OpenTelemetry bridge: APISIX → otel-collector → Elasticsearch APM APISIX sends OTLP/HTTP traces; APM Server wants gRPC. An otel-collector deployment bridges the two. fullnameOverride is critical.
- Elasticsearch Index Lifecycle Management ILM policy hot→delete for vector-* indices: rollover at 20GB or 7 days, delete after 30 days. Index template, write alias bootstrap, idempotent bootstrap script.
- Loki and LogQL: logs without Elasticsearch overhead Grafana Loki in SingleBinary mode, Grafana Alloy as promtail replacement, LogQL stream selectors, JSON parsing, rate queries, and trace ID correlation between logs and Jaeger.
- ELK in Kubernetes: Elasticsearch, APM Server, and Kibana ELK stack via Helm in FluxCD, Elastic APM agent in .NET with zero-code auto-instrumentation, index lifecycle management, and correlating logs with APM service maps in Kibana.
- Vector: log pipeline from Kubernetes to Elasticsearch Vector DaemonSet, VRL transforms for JSON parsing and health-check filtering, sensitive field redaction, ServiceMonitor for pipeline metrics, and dual sink to Elasticsearch plus S3 archive.
- Elasticsearch in Kubernetes: HelmRelease, ingest pipelines, and bootstrap Deploying Elasticsearch via Flux from a git-bundled chart, then bootstrapping index templates, ingest pipelines, and replica settings with a shell script.
- OpenTelemetry in .NET: traces, metrics, and logs with minimal boilerplate OTel SDK setup in Program.cs, Prometheus exporter for /metrics, custom ActivitySource spans, custom Meter counters and histograms, OTLP exporter, and OTel Collector HelmRelease.
- VictoriaLogs + Vector: replacing EFK with a lightweight log stack Vector DaemonSet routes app logs to Elasticsearch and error-level logs to VictoriaLogs. VRL transforms, deduplication, and the VictoriaLogs Elasticsearch-compatible sink.
- APISIX as a Kubernetes ingress: global rules, TLS, and OpenTelemetry ApisixGlobalRule for Elasticsearch logging, OpenTelemetry tracing, gzip, and real-ip. ApisixTls for wildcard certs. Two ingress classes: internal and external.
- Elastic APM Server in Kubernetes APM Server HelmRelease from the elastic chart, OTLP/gRPC ingestion, Elasticsearch credentials via ESO, number_of_replicas:0 for single-node, bootstrap in the ES script.
- Hubble: network observability built into Cilium Hubble UI and Relay setup in Cilium, flow inspection with hubble observe, DNS query visibility, policy verdict monitoring, and building Grafana dashboards from Hubble Prometheus metrics.
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